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East Asia · Ming, Joseon, Ryukyu and the later steppe

Later Jin

1616–1636

The Later Jin (1616–1636) was founded by the Jurchen leader Nurhaci, who unified the Jurchen tribes and created the Eight Banners military-social system, capital Hetu Ala then Mukden (Shenyang). Proclaiming the Seven Grievances, he rebelled against the Ming (1618) and won major victories (Sarhū, 1619).

Existed
1616–1636
Shown on the map
1619–1644
Peak area
2.6M km²
Region
East Asia

Overview

The Later Jin (1616–1636) was founded by the Jurchen leader Nurhaci, who unified the Jurchen tribes and created the Eight Banners military-social system, capital Hetu Ala then Mukden (Shenyang). Proclaiming the Seven Grievances, he rebelled against the Ming (1618) and won major victories (Sarhū, 1619). His son Hong Taiji broadened the state, renamed the people "Manchu" (1635) and the dynasty "Qing" (1636), transforming the Later Jin into the Qing.

Common questions

What was Later Jin?
The Later Jin (1616–1636) was founded by the Jurchen leader Nurhaci, who unified the Jurchen tribes and created the Eight Banners military-social system, capital Hetu Ala then Mukden (Shenyang). Proclaiming the Seven Grievances, he rebelled against the Ming (1618) and won major victories (Sarhū, 1619).
When did Later Jin exist?
Later Jin existed 1616–1636. On this map it is drawn 1619–1644.
How large was Later Jin?
At its greatest extent drawn on this map, Later Jin covered about 2.6 million km². That is the largest area the border data gives it across the years it is drawn, not necessarily its greatest extent in history.

Sources

This compendium cites its sources once for the whole document rather than per territory. Its bibliography names the English Wikipedia article for each polity as the basis of these profiles, supplemented by Encyclopaedia Britannica, chinaknowledge.de, the World History Encyclopedia, museum and university sources, and the academic works it lists. The article this entry is anchored on:

This entry was last updated .

This entry was researched and drafted with AI from the sources above, and has not been reviewed by a historian. How entries are made

Text available under CC BY-SA 4.0: reuse it with a credit to The World Through Time and a link to this page. Passages drawing on the Wikipedia articles listed above are also licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by their contributors.

Border geometry for the map itself comes from Cliopatria v0.12 (Seshat Global History Databank, CC-BY-4.0).

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