East Asia · Ming, Joseon, Ryukyu and the later steppe
Northern Yuan
1368–1635
The Northern Yuan (1368–1635) was the Mongol regime that continued after the Yuan's expulsion from China, based in Mongolia. Its khans (Borjigin line) periodically threatened the Ming (the Tumu Crisis of 1449 saw a Ming emperor captured by the Oirat leader Esen).
- Existed
- 1368–1635
- Shown on the map
- 1375–1439
- Peak area
- 3.4M km²
- Region
- East Asia
Overview
The Northern Yuan (1368–1635) was the Mongol regime that continued after the Yuan's expulsion from China, based in Mongolia. Its khans (Borjigin line) periodically threatened the Ming (the Tumu Crisis of 1449 saw a Ming emperor captured by the Oirat leader Esen). Reunified under Dayan Khan and prominent under Altan Khan, it fragmented again. Its last khan, Ligdan, was defeated by the rising Manchus; in 1635 his son surrendered the imperial seal to Hong Taiji, ending it.
Common questions
- What was Northern Yuan?
- The Northern Yuan (1368–1635) was the Mongol regime that continued after the Yuan's expulsion from China, based in Mongolia. Its khans (Borjigin line) periodically threatened the Ming (the Tumu Crisis of 1449 saw a Ming emperor captured by the Oirat leader Esen).
- When did Northern Yuan exist?
- Northern Yuan existed 1368–1635. On this map it is drawn 1375–1439.
- How large was Northern Yuan?
- At its greatest extent drawn on this map, Northern Yuan covered about 3.4 million km². That is the largest area the border data gives it across the years it is drawn, not necessarily its greatest extent in history.
Sources
This compendium cites its sources once for the whole document rather than per territory. Its bibliography names the English Wikipedia article for each polity as the basis of these profiles, supplemented by Encyclopaedia Britannica, chinaknowledge.de, the World History Encyclopedia, museum and university sources, and the academic works it lists. The article this entry is anchored on:
- Wikipedia — Northern Yuan en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Yuan
This entry was last updated .
This entry was researched and drafted with AI from the sources above, and has not been reviewed by a historian. How entries are made
Text available under CC BY-SA 4.0: reuse it with a credit to The World Through Time and a link to this page. Passages drawing on the Wikipedia articles listed above are also licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by their contributors.
Border geometry for the map itself comes from Cliopatria v0.12 (Seshat Global History Databank, CC-BY-4.0).
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