East Asia · Empire, war and the modern states
Great Mongol State
1911–1919, 1921–1924
The Bogd Khanate (Great Mongol State; 1911–1919, 1921–1924) was the theocratic Mongolian state that declared independence from the collapsing Qing in the 1911 Revolution. On 29 December 1911 the Mongols installed the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (the Bogd Gegeen, b. 1869 in Tibet)—third in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy—as Bogd Khan ("Holy Ruler"), the last khagan of the Mongols, capital Niislel Khüree (Ulaanbaatar).
- Existed
- 1911–1919, 1921–1924
- Shown on the map
- 1912–1919, 1922–1925 (2 periods)
- Peak area
- 1.5M km²
- Region
- East Asia
Overview
The Bogd Khanate (Great Mongol State; 1911–1919, 1921–1924) was the theocratic Mongolian state that declared independence from the collapsing Qing in the 1911 Revolution. On 29 December 1911 the Mongols installed the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (the Bogd Gegeen, b. 1869 in Tibet)—third in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy—as Bogd Khan ("Holy Ruler"), the last khagan of the Mongols, capital Niislel Khüree (Ulaanbaatar). Its government (with figures such as foreign minister Khanddorj and prime minister Namnansüren Sain Noyon Khan) sought recognition, which came chiefly via the Treaty between Tibet and Mongolia signed at Urga on 11 January 1913, proclaiming mutual recognition and independence from China. China revoked its autonomy (1919); it was briefly occupied, then "liberated" by Baron Ungern-Sternberg (1921) before the Soviet-backed 1921 revolution restored the Bogd Khan as a figurehead. On his death (20 May 1924) the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed.
Common questions
- What was the Great Mongol State?
- The Bogd Khanate (Great Mongol State; 1911–1919, 1921–1924) was the theocratic Mongolian state that declared independence from the collapsing Qing in the 1911 Revolution. On 29 December 1911 the Mongols installed the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (the Bogd Gegeen, b. 1869 in Tibet)—third in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy—as Bogd Khan ("Holy Ruler"), the last khagan of the Mongols, capital Niislel Khüree (Ulaanbaatar).
- When did the Great Mongol State exist?
- The Great Mongol State existed 1911–1919, 1921–1924. On this map it is drawn 1912–1919, 1922–1925.
- How large was the Great Mongol State?
- At its greatest extent drawn on this map, the Great Mongol State covered about 1.5 million km². That is the largest area the border data gives it across the years it is drawn, not necessarily its greatest extent in history.
Sources
This compendium cites its sources once for the whole document rather than per territory. Its bibliography names the English Wikipedia article for each polity as the basis of these profiles, supplemented by Encyclopaedia Britannica, chinaknowledge.de, the World History Encyclopedia, museum and university sources, and the academic works it lists. The article this entry is anchored on:
- Wikipedia — Yuan dynasty en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty
This entry was last updated .
This entry was researched and drafted with AI from the sources above, and has not been reviewed by a historian. How entries are made
Text available under CC BY-SA 4.0: reuse it with a credit to The World Through Time and a link to this page. Passages drawing on the Wikipedia articles listed above are also licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by their contributors.
Border geometry for the map itself comes from Cliopatria v0.12 (Seshat Global History Databank, CC-BY-4.0).
See the Great Mongol State in its world
Open the atlas at 1916 and every neighbour, rival and successor is on screen with it — then drag the slider and watch what happens next.
Open the map at 1916 →